Perception and Decision Making

It is difficult to carry on with a real existence that doesn't include the theoretical idea of recognition. Observation is basically how individuals see data in relationship to their own condition and afterward structure an allowance of faith based expectations or assessments from said recognitions. In the business world, the board is required to decide. While a lot of the dynamic procedure would give off an impression of being founded on exact realities, actually view of certainty rather than established truth is regularly the gauge used to decide. Since various people may have various observations on a similar issue, it turns out to be significant for administrators to put together their choices with respect to basic reasoning and realities to maintain a strategic distance from the likely issue of settling on choices on discernments that are not so much precise. The possibility that â€Å"true† the truth is never genuinely graspable by people's tangible and subjective hardware returns at any rate to crafted by Plato. There is, for example, the qualification among appearances and reality. Show a three-year-old a red ball underneath a green channel and he will commonly say that the ball is dark, despite the fact that he had recently been given the ball to inspect. Comprehension of this appearance-reality qualification appears to be so important to regular day to day existence that it is difficult to envision a general public in which ordinary individuals would not gain it. Yet, the exercise is moderately new verifiably, for example, the exercise of point of view in painting, or the purposeful structuring of optical hallucinations, (for example, the Ponzo figment), or in the contrasting declarations of observers of a similar occasion. The truth of the matter is that we as a whole don't see very similar things the same. (Kearl) On the off chance that there was one admonition about recognition, discernment isn't really reality. Observation is a person’s translation of reality that might possibly be totally precise, in the event that it is exact by any means. Along these lines, it is significant for the board toâ ascertain reality, rather than a perceptual reality or a risky circumstance may be the outcome. What separates extraordinary pioneers is their capacity to oversee discernments. What individuals watch or survey as your capacity to be a pioneer and your adequacy turns into their recognition, which thusly becomes reality. Observations that are not oversees become bits of gossip, at that point tattle, at that point slandering, which prompts obliteration. Unmanaged discernments become a reality that was not proposed. Recognition the board requires posing inquiries and getting criticism from others†¦ For instance, customarily, the executives will approach different representatives for a â€Å"report† on a fresh recruit. This is a horrendous thought since recycled data can frequently be slanted and it is best for the executives to settle on choices dependent on direct experience as opposed to recycled understanding, yet directors will over and again make such an incredibly stupid mistake. Think about the accompanying: a director asks a worker how a recently recruited employee is performing. The representative talks severely about the exhibition of the recently recruited employee so the chief terminates the worker. This depends on an impression of the fresh recruit dependent actually data that has been esteemed precise. Be that as it may, not everything is the thing that it appears. At the point when the recently recruited employee is terminated, something becomes known that ends up being exceptionally humiliating to the board. The representative who gave the poor assessment of the fresh recruit ends up having put together the negative report not with respect to reality, but instead on oppressive inclinations. The fired worker later records EEO grumblings and claims against the organization, all of which ends up being extraordinarily humiliating to the administration, if not exorbitant. What was the underlying driver of this debacle? The executives drew an impression of the representative that did not depend on the real world. Since there was no direct information that formed the observation, the recognition that was molded was one that was not situated in actuality. To put it plainly, discernment is completely pointless in the event that it is off base since it will prompt choices that originate from an altogether imperfect viewpoint. In the event that the discernment is hurtful, at that point what great can originated from it? This significance for the exact evaluation of realities in the dynamic procedure takes a shot at both an inner and outer level, as it is significant that administration choices furnish clients with what the clients really need. Once more, the requirement for appropriate criticism plays an extraordinary factor in this. At the end of the day, it is of supreme principal significance for the board to comprehend what their clients need. Once more, there will be a discernment with regards to what clients need versus what they really need. On the off chance that administration gets resolute and concentrated on what customer’s need and that recognition is erroneous, the outcomes can be calamitous. Nothing more broadly represents this issue more that the all out disappointment of â€Å"New Coke† in the 1980’s. Accepting that the open was increasingly inspired by Pepsi in light of its better taste, the Coca-Cola Company accepted that the general population would acknowledge another kind of Coke that would taste like Pepsi. This was one of the most madly incorrect impression of buyer want ever! As a general rule (not perceptually!), people in general was not keen on a type of Coca-Cola that suggested a flavor like Pepsi nor helped Coca-Cola do itself by essentiallyâ communicating that Pepsi had an unrivaled item. The battle was a finished and all out fiasco and it was the consequence of poor view of the purchaser showcase with respect to Coca-Cola. Things being what they are, what is a director to do with regards to settling on sure that observation and legitimate dynamic go inseparably? Apparently the most troublesome and basic advance in the dynamic procedure is to recognize and explain the issue or issue. In a hurry and feeling a desire to move quickly, administration pioneers regularly race through this progression. A deficient analysis or evaluation limits a sheets' ability to extend choices and select the most proper one. Without legitimate consideration paid to this progression, barricades may accompany an answer that neglects to address the etiology of the issue. (Scott) Once more, the way to settling on an appropriate choice is to oversee discernment and the way to overseeing observation includes remaining appropriately educated. In the event that anything, a defective observation is one that depends on restricted or off base data as found on account of new Coke or in the theoretical instance of the fired worker. At last, dynamic will consistently be founded on close to home observations, yet the more educated a supervisor is, the closer the manager’s recognition will be to real reality and not adjusted to obliviousness or defective rationale. While this appears to be a scholarly point, supervisors can frequently move toward an issue with blinders on dependent on close to home inclinations in the dynamic procedure. Despite what choice one makes, it will fall into the class or either a decent choice or an awful choice. Whenever defective, at that point the executives must face the results. Reference index Kearl, Michael. (DB) â€Å"Social Factors Shaping Perception and Decision Making.† Recovered February 17, 2007 from http://www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/socpsy-5.html Russell, Jefffrey. (2001) â€Å"Are You Managing Perception?† Retrieved February 17, 2007 Scott, Katherine Tyler. (2006) â€Å"The Dynamics of Decision Making.† Retrieved February 16, 2007 Discernment and Decision Making Dynamic happens when one picks a decision among sensible other options. Observation is a significant segment of the dynamic system.â In a mental point of view discernment can best be depicted as the way toward inquisitive, handling, and sorting out data important to make a decision.â Or as such recognition can be scene as one’s considerations on a situation.â When one is amidst a dynamic circumstance they have to assess all variables included and settle on a choice, which will ideally be sensible and satisfactory.â Decision making is a special instrument that is asked through the span of time.â Students can find out about rationale, theory, and psychology.â They can comprehend the ideas driving dynamic, however they should initially have the chance to settle on significant choices themselves to completely comprehend the procedure (Randall, 2004, pp. 10-24).A initiative master Anthony Robbins said â€Å"as a chief, in any case, your choice impacts yourself as well as all the workers on your team.â For this explanation, it is imperative to reinforce your own dynamic aptitudes and plan for when your choices will shape the occasions of numerous people groups lives† (â€Å"Making Decisions†).â In the reproduction as the recently advanced administrator I had the chance to help the ranking director in significant choices including reproving a representative, a recruiting circumstance, to make a worker assessment framework, and investigate a moral problem which could make or misfortune a huge number of dollars for the company.Each of these circumstances expects discernment to take a course to an official choice creation process. â€Å"Management in associations today is to a great extent individuals the executives. On the off chance that individuals are the significant resource, viability is identified with: ââ€" how supervisors see the individual ââ€" how individuals identify with each other ââ€" how we get top level augment ation ââ€" how we approach transforming from a circumstance which apparently is insufficient to one that guarantees exclusive requirements of performance†(Randall, 2004, p. 46). Today we will assess the circumstances these three circumstances and look at observation in the dynamic procedure and how the recognition from another supervisors perspective could impact these choices (â€Å"Making Decisions†).The first circumstance included Mark, a drawn out representative who had been late for work for the past week.â There were a wide range of choices that could be made to arrive at a decision about Mark�

Brilliant piece of artwork Essay

This craftsmanship, Moonrise Hernandez, will be studied dependent on the components and standards of workmanship to decide its significance. The creator, Ansel Adams, made this piece in 1941 in southern Mexico. Here, Adams utilized highly contrasting film to make a unique gelatin silver 16 by 20 photo. The craftsmanship comprises of a twilight dim sky over a little camp with mountains out of sight. The sky seems blustery in light of the fact that the mists stick out, while the half moon sparkles well above. The town looks truly exhausting and poor. Besides, the mountains out of sight are tall and have all the earmarks of being contacting the sky. These variables add to a superb photo. In this piece the two components and standards of workmanship are unmistakable. The shade of the sky is completely dark, which makes accentuation on the mists, which are brilliant white. Additionally, the sky occupies a ton of room in the photo and it towers over everything. This makes a lopsided extent all through the piece. At last, the surface of the mists seems smooth, while the frontal area is exceptionally unpleasant. This makes assortment all through the photograph. On the whole, this piece depicts huge numbers of the components and standards of workmanship. The temperament in this photo is discouraging in light of the fact that practically 50% of this image is dark. See above passage. The moon against the dull sky in the image is an image of the steady fight against malicious that we all face. The story it tells is that there will be awful occasions for the town on the grounds that they’re going to get came down on. All in all, this fine art utilizes generally emotionalism. This is on the grounds that it causes the watcher to feel dismal and desolate. On the whole, I think this is a splendid bit of work of art.

Strategies for Monetizing Your Blog with Google AdSense

Strategies for Monetizing Your Blog with Google AdSense In this article, we will explore different strategies for monetizing a blog site using Google AdSense. We will start with 1) what is Google AdSense, going then to describe 2) why using Google AdSense is a good idea, 3) requirements for using Google AdSense, and 4) monetizing strategies with Google AdSense.WHAT IS GOOGLE ADSENSE?AdSense is the powerhouse moneymaker program by Google, which provides everyone with a win-win situation. Through this program, companies can promote their ads to their   at a comparatively cheaper cost while website or blog owners can make money displaying those ads. In this advertising cycle, everyone makes money and companies get a chance to bring their businesses right in front of their target audience.Criteria for AdSenseThere are different criteria that Google uses to send ads to a particular website or blog through AdSense:Contextual targeting: In this kind of targeting, AdSense crawlers analyze the kind of content that is present on your website or blo g by scanning your page and decide which ads suit your website or blog the most. This is conducted by analyzing the structure of the website/blog, font size, word frequency, and keyword usage.Placement targeting: In this kind of targeting, companies or advertisers choose specific subsections for ad placement and, therefore, their ads only appear on the publisher’s website if the company’s criteria match with the website.Interest-based advertising: The interests of users play a major role in this kind of advertising. Companies analyze if users have already come to their website previously and make a decision accordingly. Ads Preferences Manager enables users to define their interests, which makes it easier for advertisers to maintain focus on their ad campaigns. This is an excellent method for website monetizing as it enables users to have a relevant experience while providing great value for advertisers.WHY USING GOOGLE ADSENSE IS A GOOD IDEAThere are many many advantages for bl oggers to make use of Google AdSense. From the ease of use to making money through writing content, AdSense provides great opportunities to bloggers.Attracting International TrafficNumerous blog owners find it difficult to spot advertisers that cater to Non-US target groups and hence they cannot even participate in the advertising network if their blogs attract users from outside North America. However, this does not apply to AdSense. The whole world knows what Google is about and, therefore, this program has advertisers from all over the globe. Therefore, it does not matter which location your blog is focused on; you will find advertisers who will be willing to post their ads on your blog.Easy to use and quick access to advertisersBloggers do not have to be tech-savvy in order to understand AdSense and keep it running on their blogs. Anyone can set it up and begin displaying ads in just a few minutes. Google has now made the ad units more seamless than ever before, and that is why numerous ad networks are following the footsteps of AdSense. Moreover, it is not easy for bloggers to directly approach, talk, pitch and then negotiate with independent advertisers in order to make money.Bloggers are just interested in writing great content for their readers while making money on-the-go without much hassle and trouble. All bloggers have to do is to add the code to their blogs and then let it be. Obviously, you will increase your chances of money making if you pay attention to the ad positioning and testing different designs.Vast variety of topicsApart from having advertisers that cater to almost every geographic location in the world, AdSense also has a huge base of companies that deal with all sorts of topics. Therefore, even if you are dealing with highly targeted niche and complex topics, AdSense will still be able to find advertisers for your blog.Unspecified Traffic LevelRecent bloggers who do not have much traffic also struggle to find advertisers. AdSense doe s not have a specified or minimum traffic level that you need to have in order to be accepted by the program. Even if you have a few readers, you can start making a little money as you grow your readership with time.Use Other Ad NetworksAre you thinking about running different ads from different ad networks alongside AdSense? Do not worry! Google has become very flexible in this regard over time and provides bloggers with complete freedom of action.Ad FormatsYou can easily customize your ads through selecting different ad unit sizes and can also opt for displaying different ad formats such as Ad link units, Video Ads, Image Ads besides the usual Text ads. Other ad networks only allow a maximum of two ad formats while AdSense has no limitation.Timely PaymentGoogle is highly credible in everything it does and, therefore, has a good reputation with the advertisers as well. This means a blogger can have peace of mind when it comes to receiving payments through AdSense.Performance toolsG oogle provides personalized and detailed reports to bloggers that help them understand the performance of a particular ad and identify how growth can be achieved.Additional featuresBloggers have a lot of freedom of action when it comes to AdSense; they can select ads that are compatible with both desktop and mobile devices. Similarly, they can select ads that directly cater to their readers and are designed for a particular target group.REQUIREMENTS FOR USING GOOGLE ADSENSEIn order to be successful in using AdSense for your blog you need to work on the following points:High Traffic WebsiteThe more traffic you will have, the more money you will make. AdSense is probably the easiest and quickest way for bloggers to make sure that they make money from writing or publishing high-quality content. However, no one can provide you with an exact figure of how much money would you be able to make through this program as your total earnings will depend on your CTR (click through rate) and EPC (earnings per click). Hence, every blogger should strive to have a highly targeted audience.Website Functionality and ContentIt does not matter whether you post videos, pictures or text, if your content is amazing, AdSense will love you. However, you will have to keep the AdSense content policies in mind in order to make money through it. Optimization is the key especially if you are dealing with too much video and image content, helping the crawlers identify the type of content that is present on your blog or website. That is why AdSense works the best with blogs and websites that have great text content such as success stories, how-to tutorials, and case studies.Also, your blog or website needs to be highly functional, user-friendly, and high quality as Google will not want its clients’ ads to show up on a blog or website that is poorly designed. In the past few years, Google has made its policies quite staunch in this regard.There are numerous blogs that fall under the category of MFA (made for AdSense). These blogs are only created so that they could earn revenue through this program by posting low quality and mediocre content. Such black hat tactics no longer work with Google, and all bloggers and website owners have to make sure that they have a defined purpose of their platforms, which goes beyond gaining online clicks for money. If you are passionate about a particular field and are willing to work hard, you will not only make great money through AdSense but will also create a genuine name for yourself in the industry which can further help you monetize your blog.Keyword targetingWhether you are working with AdSense or any other ad platform, targeting the correct keywords is the first step, which will decide how much money you will make. Advertisers bid on specific keywords and the more you use those keywords, higher the chances you will have to increase your income. Blog or website owners should focus using keywords that companies use to promote the ir products or services or opt for keywords with a high conversion rate.Take the example of two website that deal in cancer prevention and both of the websites have the equal amount of traffic and are making money through AdSense. The first website targets keywords such as, “anti-cancer home remedies”, “how to fight against cancer” and cancer prevention tips.” The second website is optimized for keywords such as, “health tips”, “why drinking milk is important” and “important multivitamins”.While both of the websites have similar traffic, the first one will make more money as advertisers will be interested in keywords that are directly relevant to treating or preventing cancer. Users are also more likely to click on the links that provide relevant information rather than general topics.Therefore, bloggers should strive for organic traffic as it has a high conversion rate and is more relevant for the advertisers.AdSense ComplianceAdSense is highly important for G oogle as it makes one-third of its revenue through this program. Anyone can easily sign-up for the AdSense account, but you have to make sure that you comply with its policies to avoid losing your account. Do not try to trick the search engines and make sure that you read and understand the policies thoroughly before signing up for an account.MONETIZING STRATEGIES WITH GOOGLE ADSENSEGetting an AdSense account is as simple as signing up for it. However, there are numerous strategies that can be used by bloggers or website owners to earn higher revenue through this program.Basic tipsHere are some basic tips to get you started with AdSense money making:Use Common Ad SizesAdvertisers have the opportunity of choosing from numerous ad units although there are some basic ad sizes that are more common. Bloggers and website owners should use these standard measurements to make sure that their platform gets selected from a vast pool of advertisers. These common sizes are 160×600, 728×90, an d 300×250.Incorporate Link UnitsNumerous advertisers these days opt for link units and hence website owners should pay close attention to them.Allow Image and Text AdsYou can either restrict AdSense ad unit to display only image ads or to allow both image and text ads to appear. Allowing both of these options will make sure that you get a great pool of ads for your blog or website thus increasing your revenue.Keep an eye on the dashboardGo to the “scorecard” under the ‘AdSense Partners’ menu to know the revenue optimization score. It will let you know your score, and you can make modifications or conduct testing if you think that your score is not high enough.Do not overdo itAt times, greed takes over bloggers and website owners leading them to make decisions that might do wrong to the overall user experience of the website. While this can potentially earn you a few extra bucks in the beginning, it will not be fruitful in the long-term. Therefore, keep the ads at the optima l to make sure that your website or blog is not all about ads or revenue generation.Ad PositioningATF â€" Above The Fold ad units are the most revenue-friendly. Try to place your ads strategically on the top of the page in order to get the maximum clicks.Keep an eye on the Fill RateMake sure that your website or blog is not going to waste through displaying blank space instead of ads. Position your ads appropriately and keep an eye on the fill rate to make sure that you earn the maximum through AdSense.Experiment IdeasYou can only ensure that your ads are getting the exposure they deserve through conducting experiments and testing. Always remember that you can tweak some design esthetics of the same ad to make it more appealing.Play around with colors and sizesYou can increase the size of your ads and edit their colors to make sure that they get the maximum eyeballs. If you think that an ad contains information that deserves a large space, increase its size to 970×90 from the previ ous 728×90. This is significant in increasing the conversion rates and helps bloggers and website owners to run convincing ads with efficient calls to actions.Moreover, you can also play around with the colors of the ad unit. While this may sound very simple, it can sometimes take hours for testing and previewing. Make sure that your text, background and border color do not overlap each other, and the ad is perfectly visible and readable even after changing the default colors. Similarly, you can also edit the link unit color to go from the basic blue to something extra for higher visibility. However, keep it subtle and do not opt for colors such as purple or hot pink for link units.Ad PositioningWebsite or Blog layout will eventually decide which ad position would be the best. However, placing ads in or near the comment section can increase engagement. If you have a weblog or blog with active participants, then this kind of placement will be a good idea for you. Moreover, putting l inks under the navigation bars is a common ad placement option that bags huge returns. You can also place ads strategically within your content for higher user engagement.Conduct A/B testingA/B testing is super important because it tells you the impact your ad is having on your users. Therefore, you have the ability to change the impact through experimenting with different designs, layouts, font size, colors, etc. Google Experiments is a great way to make more money with AdSense. It is very user-friendly, and it will just take you 30 minutes to fully familiarize yourself with it. Make sure that you have an experiment or testing going on at all times to stay on top of your earnings.Conduct better A/B testingIf you are using other ad types or platforms apart from AdSense, make sure that you shut all of them while conducting Google Experiments, as it will be able to provide you with better and focused results. This will help you in analyzing if you are wasting your blog or website spac e through displaying low earning ads so that you can move forward and make the decision of removing them.Technical tipsBeyond all the basic monetizing strategies and design principles, the loading speed of a website and its overall functionality play a vital role in making money through AdSense.Optimize your Desktop Mobile trafficOptimizing the desktop traffic is the first step to earning via AdSense. However, for some blog or website owners, their mobile traffic might be a lot more than their desktop traffic. Therefore, make sure that you optimize keeping both mobile and desktop traffic in mind for the best gains.Optimize your Website SpeedA user-friendly website is extremely important to earn more via AdSense as Google does not want its partners’ ads to show up on websites that are a loading disaster. Make sure that ads load quickly, and the overall speed of your website is nicely optimized for higher functionality.Asynchronous Ad CodesThrough using Asynchronous Ad Codes, you c an make sure that your basic website content will load separately from the ads you are displaying. This enhances the click rates and user experience and will foster better website loading.Incorporate Responsive AdSense CodesIf you want to optimize your website or blog to different screen sizes, you can utilize the Responsive AdSense Code. This will automatically chance the size of ad units placed on your website or blog according to the user’s screen.Mobile Anchor AdsThrough Google’s Mobile Anchor Ad, you can display ads on a mobile screen which will continuously stick to the screen’s bottom as the user scrolls down.AdSense ReportingAdSense Reporting provides users with flexible and detailed interface carrying important information that is required to make necessary changes for better optimization.

Definition and Examples of Appositives in English

In English grammar, an appositive is a  noun, noun phrase, or series of nouns placed next to another word or phrase to identify or rename it. The word appositive comes from the Latin for to put near. Nonrestrictive appositives are usually set off by commas, parentheses, or dashes. An appositive may be introduced by a word or phrase such as namely, for example, or that is. Appositive Exercises Practice in Identifying AppositivesSentence Building with Appositives Examples of Appositives My father, a fat, funny man with beautiful eyes and a subversive wit, is trying to decide which of his eight children he will take with him to the county fair. (Alice Walker, Beauty: When the Other Dancer Is the Self. In Search of Our Mothers Gardens. Harcourt Brace, 1983)The hangman, a grey-haired convict in the white uniform of the prison, was waiting beside his machine.(George Orwell, A Hanging, 1931)The Otis Elevator Company, the world’s oldest and biggest elevator manufacturer, claims that its products carry the equivalent of the world’s population every five days. (Nick Paumgarten, Up and Then Down. The New Yorker, Apr. 21, 2008)Christmas Eve afternoon we scrape together a nickel and go to the butchers to buy Queenies traditional gift, a good gnawable beef bone. (Truman Capote, A Christmas Memory. Mademoiselle, December 1956)Television was left on, a running tap, from morning till night. (Aldous Huxley, Brave New World, 1932)Though her cheeks were high-colored and her teeth strong and yellow, she looked like a mechanical woman, a machine with flashing, glassy circles for eyes. (Kate Simon, Bronx Primitive, 1982)I have had the great honor to have played with these great veteran ballplayers on my left—Murderers Row, our championship team of 1927. I have had the further honor of living with and playing with these men on my right—the Bronx Bombers, the Yankees of today. (Gary Cooper as Lou Gehrig, The Pride of the Yankees, 1942)The essence of loneliness is that one both remembers and hopes, though in vain, in the midst of ones dissolution. Plain nothingness compared to it is a comfort, a kind of hibernation, a tundra of arctic whiteness that negates feeling and want. (Alexander Theroux, in An Interview with Alexander Theroux. Review of Contemporary Fiction, Spring 1991)The Koeberg Nuclear Power Station, Africas only nuclear power plant, was inaugurated in 1984 by the apartheid regime and is the major source of electricity for the W estern Capes 4.5 million population. (Joshua Hammer, Inside Cape Town. Smithsonian, April 2008)The Spectator. Champagne for the brain. (ad slogan for The Spectator magazine)Xerox. The Document Company. (slogan of Xerox Corporation)The village of Holcomb stands on the high wheat plains of western Kansas, a lonesome area that other Kansans call out there. (Truman Capote, In Cold Blood. Random House, 1966)They passed the last house, a small grey house set in the open field. Yellow gullies ran across the field, bald plateaus of snow-smeared sod between gully and gully. (Robert Penn Warren, Christmas Gift, 1938)Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, inventor of the cornflake and peanut butter, not to mention caramel-cereal coffee, Bromose, Nuttolene, and some seventy-five other gastronomically correct foods, paused to level his gaze on the heavyset women in front of him. (T. Coraghassen Boyle, The Road to Wellville. Viking, 1993)Dads shop was a messy disaster area, a labyrinth of lathes...My domain wa s the cramped, cold space known as the music room. It was also a messy disaster area, an obstacle course of musical instruments—piano, trumpet, baritone horn, valve trombone, various percussion doodads (bells!), and recorders. (Sarah Vowell, Shooting Dad.  Take the Cannoli: Stories from the New World.  Simon Schuster, 2000)As I stood on the platform beneath another, fairly recent London civility—namely an electronic board announcing that the next train to Hainault would be arriving in four minutes—I turned my attention to the greatest of all civilities: the London Underground Map. What a piece of perfection it is, created in 1931 by a forgotten hero named Harry Beck, an out-of-work draftsman who realized that when you are underground it doesnt actually matter where you are. (Bill Bryson, Notes From a Small Island. Doubleday, 1995)The sky was sunless and grey, there was snow in the air, buoyant motes, play things that seethed and floated like the toy flakes inside a crystal. (Truman Capote, The Muses Are Heard)[N]othing contributes so much to tranquilize the mind as a steady purpose—a point on which the soul may fix its intellectual eye. (Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, letter I in Frankenstein, 1818)And then there was that feeling one gets in a ride to a cemetery trailing a body in a coffin—an impatience with the dead, a longing to be back home where one could get on with the illusion that not death but daily life is the permanent condition. (E.L. Doctorow, Homer Langley. Random House, 2009) Observations on Appositives The appositive is a substantive or nominal set off by commas from the word which it identifies. We say that the appositive is used in apposition with the other word. Ex: The king, my brother, has been murdered. Ex: we spotted Tom Hanks, the movie star, at the cafe yesterday.In the first example, the noun brother is used in apposition with the subject king. The appositive renames or describes the subject king by specifying which king the sentence is about. In the second example, the noun star is used in apposition with the proper noun Tom Hanks, a direct object. The appositive clarifies the proper name, telling us which Tom Hanks was seen. For all we know, the writer could have a cousin named Tom Hanks. Remember that the appositive and the noun to which it refers always share the same four properties—gender, number, person, and case—since they both name the same entity. (Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl Books, 2004) Punctuating Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Appositives Bens brother Bob helped him build the house. If Ben has more than one brother, the name Bob would be necessary to identify which brother is being discussed—in other words, to restrict the meaning of the word brother. If Ben has only one brother, the name Bob would be additional information not essential to the meaning of the sentence; Bob would be a nonrestrictive appositive. Nonrestrictive appositives are always set off by punctuation. Since no punctuation surrounds the appositive Bob in this example, we know that Bob is a restrictive appositive (and that Ben has more than one brother). (Gary Lutz and Diane Stevenson, The Writers Digest Grammar Desk Reference. FW Publications, 2005)

Atwood, Neel, And Feminism - 1645 Words

Atwood, Neel, and Feminism English Composition II Professor Michael Cain Kamala Chan Summer 2014 September 26, 2014 It may seem clear to most people that authors and artists are completely different in more than few ways. For one, their job descriptions have nothing in common. Authors write, and artists draw, sketch, and paint. Authors need to be grammatically correct, while an artist’s mistake can make their work unique, and abstract. With the endless list of differences, comes the one thing that people fail to realize. Authors and artists do one thing, they create from their minds, and they birth their imaginations into reality. It seems amazing how one idea on a piece of paper can create a broad conversation, free for the world’s discussion and criticism. For instance, the idea of Feminism, and its entire concept can be analyzed in both writing, and artwork. As women of the early 1900’s, Margaret Atwood, an author, and Alice Neel, an artist, have both captured the idea of feminism in their life’s work. Margaret Atwood was born on November 18, 1939 in Ottawa, Ontario. (Atwood M. , Is Margaret Atwood A Feminist? Are You?, 2009) Alice Neel was born on January 28, 1900 in Merion Square, Philadelphia. (Alice Neel: Biography) Both in the early 1900’s, a time when women were not only looked down upon in the professional world, but were criticized when they tried to be different, and make a stand. Both of these women used their careers to voice their opinions about

Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis Free Essays

â€Å"Kill the pig! Cut his throat! Kill the pig! Bash him in! † One of the first examples of the loss of innocence and emergence of a savage culture between the boys is demonstrated in this quote; the initial loss occurring during the killing of the pig, the emergence of savagery in the reenactment of the hunt. The natural degeneration of the order of the inner culture of the boys versus what little democratic opposition they have within that culture is the key symbolic theme of the Lord of the Flies. One of the first, larger violent section of the book is the reenactment of the hunt of the pig. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now In reference to the introduction, the near death of one of the boys, Robert, is essential to the momentum of chaos that ensues throughout the novel. The savage loss of consciousness that was clearly shown in the quote begins to emphasize Golding’s theme that can be derived from this point in the book, but is demonstrated in further traumatic, symbolic detail later in the book. Along with the growth of violence throughout the novel, there is also the underlying theme of corruption stealing innocence; the two progress hand in hand. Another example of evolutionary violence in the novel is the killing of Simon. Although it is an accident, much like with Robert, the death has similar qualities to the first accident. â€Å"Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood! Do him in! † echoes the same savage violence of the first. Before his death, Simon has his vision with the Lord of the Flies himself, the bloody pig’s head on display in the middle of the previously serene eden, which again symbolizes more corruption in the once innocent circle of lost children. Simon finds that the corruption is not a tangible entity, but is inside the mind of every one of the boys on the island. The last proof of devolution to point out is the physical struggle of Jack and Ralph. During the fighting, the conch shell is destroyed and Piggy is knocked to his brutal death by one of the hunters. The two points demonstrate the primal rage that has evolved and annihilated the last few forms of authority that ever existed on the island. Ralph is all that is left to show this quality, but has now become the prey of Jack and his hunters. There seems to be no innocence lost by the actions, simply the counteraction of chaos. When all hope seems to be lost for civility, when Ralph is being hunted within an inch of his life, the naval officer appears, leaving all of the boys awestruck at their behavior. The officer calls what he sees â€Å"fun and games†, but does not appear to realize how serious these games were. In conclusion, the surviving boys are rescued, but at what cost? The loss of civil innocence and the forthcoming of innate human primality? The boys cannot and will not be the same after they hear the voice of the Lord of the Flies. How to cite Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis, Papers Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis Free Essays Lord of the Flies, a novel by William Golding, reflects upon the very core of human beings. Golding described human beings as innately evil. He also showed readers that all it takes to bring humans’ true nature out is by being in an unknown environment that is free of laws. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being surrounded by mysterious creatures in an unknown land, the stranded boys are left for dead. In the small world without adults, the boys slowly corrupt in to follow their instinct to satisfy their immediate desires. By being in a microcosm of society with no rules or restriction, the boys begin to seek absolute power. By setting the novel in an island without adults, Golding shows how civilization can quickly deteriorate into savagery. The theme of peace and democracy is thoroughly described in the story when the boys camped out near the beach. At the beginning of the book, it was evident that the boys had an instinct to live peacefully and by the rules in order to avoid chaos. Though some boys created trouble for others, they all obeyed the orders of the leader. The boys voted for a leader democratically in order to prevent a person from having too much power and by this process, we could see that the boys wanted to be fair in who gets to be the leader. To the boys, the beach symbolizes a second home that can keep them safe from the intimidating island. It was a place where they can catch sight of a ship without interruption and it gave them a higher chance of being rescued. The beach also represents safety and a place where rules protect the boys. All the boys have a sense of civilization in them at the beach and avoid making â€Å"wrong† actions. Even the troublemaker Jack said that they’ve â€Å"got to have rules and obey them. After all, we’re not savages. We’re English, and the English are best at everything. So we’ve got to do the right things. † (Page 59-60) This line from Jack shows that everyone wanted to be â€Å"civilized† and developed. They didn’t want to be â€Å"savages† since they had an instinct to act righteously and because they didn’t want to degrade themselves as to being savages. However, as the scenery changes, we can see that the boys are slowly becoming blind for power. A conflict of instincts can be seen when the boys confront in the mountain. Up until now, the boys were living peacefully near the beach. However, as time flowed pass, the boys began to crave to satisfy their other needs. Some began to neglect their duties and went off to play. This sign of neglecting shows the readers that the boys are starting to satisfy their own â€Å"desires†. Jack and the other hunters showed signs of corruption when they abandoned their â€Å"fire† duty. Although they were given such an important task, they weren’t able to work to Ralph’s expectations. After a ship has passed by the island, Ralph and Jack conflicted once more. During this confrontation, Jack accidentally destroyed half of Piggy’s glasses. The breaking of Piggy’s glasses symbolizes many things. First of all, it symbolizes that many of the boys are having a conflict between their instinct to live peacefully and their instinct to satisfy their immediate need. Secondly, it represented the turning point of the novel. And finally, the breaking of Piggy’s glasses symbolizes a break in the boys’ teamwork. After this event, a split between Ralph and Jack was evident. Near the last scenes of the novel, the readers can see that savagery took over civilization. When the hunters turned against Ralph and the little’uns and formed their own group in â€Å"Castle Rock†, it showed the readers just how much the hunters have corrupted. Unlike civilized people, the hunters began to paint their faces with blood and began to worship idols in order to celebrate their catch. Another significant change in the hunters is that the hunters wouldn’t hesitate to torture boys that were once friends and family. At the end of the novel, a huge boulder crushed Piggy. This symbolizes many things. First of all, it shows the readers the change in the hunters. At the beginning of the novel, Roger was a boy that wouldn’t throw a rock straight at a person. However, as the novel progresses, Roger became ruthless and was willing to hurl a boulder at Piggy. Furthermore, Piggy’s death symbolizes the death of an intellect. It shows us that savagery has taken over civilization and that rules will no longer influence the boys anymore. As the novel processes and the scenery changes, the readers can witness a significant change in the boys’ actions and thoughts. The boys’ actions in the beach and their actions in Castle Rock were significantly different. Unlike their â€Å"civilized† self, the unknown environment slowly turned these boys’ mental self and physical self. They became more interested in satisfying their desires than to do the â€Å"right† thing. By placing the boys in an island with no adult influence, William Golding shows how the environment changes human beings into savages. How to cite Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis, Essay examples

Essentials of Business Management Essay Example For Students

Essentials of Business Management Essay When Sam Walton opened the first Wal-Mart store in 1962, it was the beginning of an American success story that no one could have predicted. A small-town merchant who had operated variety stores in Arkansas and Missouri, Walton was convinced that consumers would flock to a discount store with a wide array of merchandise and friendly service. Hence, Wal-Marts mission is to deliver big-city discounting to small-town America. From humble, hard-working roots, Sam Walton built Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. into the largest, fastest-growing, and most profitable retailer in the world. A child of the Depression, Sam always worked hard. He would milk the cows, and by the age of eight, he started selling magazine subscriptions. When he turned 12, Sam took on a paper route that he continued well into his college days to support himself. Walton began his retail career at J.C. Penney in Des Moines, Iowa in 1940 making just $75 per month. In 1945, Sam borrowed $5,000 from his wife and $20,000 from his wifes family to open a Ben Franklin five and dime franchise in Newport, Arkansas. In 1950, he relocated to Bentonville, Arkansas and opened a Walton 510. Over the next 12 years they built up and grew to 15 Ben Franklin Stores under the name of Walton 510. Sam had plenty of new ideas. He liked to deal with the suppliers directly so he could pass the savings on to the customers. He later brought a new idea to Ben Franklin management that they should open discount stores in small towns. They rejected his idea. Sam and his brother James (Bud) opened their first Wal-Mart Discount City store in Rogers, Arkansas in 1962. Walton and his wife Helen had to put up everything they had, including their house and property to finance the first 18,000 square-foot store. With gradual growth over the next eight years, they went public in 1970 with only 18 stores and sales of $44 million. While other large chains lagged behind, Wal-Mart soon grew rapidly in the 1970s, due to their highly automated distribution centers and computerization. By 1980, they were up to 276 stores with revenues of over $1. 2 billion. Sam Waltons guiding philosophy for his stores from the beginning was to offer consumers a wide selection of goods at a discounted price. The company saved money by keeping advertising costs low and located stores in small towns where residents had few options for retail shopping. On one level, Sam Walton was just folks, the guy with the red dented pickup with the bird dogs in back. On another, he was the flinty entrepreneur, there to peer as deep into the salesmens souls as into their sample kits and persuade them to give a deeper discount for Wal-Marts bulk and massive purchases. Wal-Marts success in small towns led to criticism that the stores took business away from small, hometown merchants. Nevertheless, the company managed to successfully market the stores as friendly, local businesses. In the Wal-Mart spirit, employees often greet shoppers at the stores entrances. Since their early days, Wal-Mart stores have paid careful attention to specific community needs and wants, often selling local merchandise along with items sold throughout the chain. In addition, the company honors selected graduating high school seniors with college scholarships, and the stores hold charity fund-raisers and sponsor various community events. Wal-Marts corporate community spirit began to exert an influence on public policy in the 1990s. After the record industry established a parental advisory system of stickering music albums containing potentially offensive material, Wal-Mart decided to ban the stickered albums altogether from their stores. .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 , .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 .postImageUrl , .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 , .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4:hover , .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4:visited , .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4:active { border:0!important; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4:active , .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4 .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4403670da6b5a158fc1c156baee0b5f4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Development Essay The company subsequently has succeeded in influencing many record companies to release clean versions of stickered albums. Wal-Mart has considerable impact in the music industry, largely because about one-tenth of all compact disks sold in the United States are sold at Wal-Marts. Today, Wal-Mart has over 728,000 Associates worldwide with 3,054 stores, sales of over $104 billion, is in operation in all 50 states and its still growing. In an average week, approximately 60,000,000 customers will shop at Wal-Mart throughout the world. In the United States, on average, every man, woman and child spends In his autobiography Sam Walton, .

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Essays

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano (c. 1745 31 March 1797),[3] known in his lifetime as Gustavus Vassa (/vs/),[4] was a prominent African in London, a freed slave who supported the British movement to end the slave trade. His autobiography, published in 1789 and attracting wide attention, was considered highly influential in gaining passage of the Slave Trade Act 1807, which ended the African trade for Britain and its colonies. Since the late 20th century, there has been some debate on his origins, but most of his account has been extensively documented. [5] His last master was Robert King, an American Quaker merchant who allowed Equiano to trade on his own account and purchase his freedom in 1766. Equiano settled in England in 1767 and worked and traveled for another 20 years as a seafarer, merchant, and explorer in the Caribbean, the Arctic, the American colonies, South and Central America, and the United Kingdom. In London, Equiano (identifying as Gustavus Vassa during his lifetime) was part of the Sons of Africa, a black group who opposed the slave trade, and he was active among leaders of the anti-slave trade movement in the 1780s. He published his autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (1789), which depicted the horrors of slavery. The first-known slave narrative, it went through nine editions and aided passage of the British Slave Trade Act of 1807, which abolished the African slave trade.[6] Since 1967, his memoir has been regarded as the "true beginning of modern African literature."[7] As a free man, Equiano had a stressful life; he had suffered suicidal thoughts before he became a born again Christian and found peace in his faith. After settling in London, in 1792 Equiano married an English woman named Susannah Cullen and they had two daughters. He died in 1797 in London; his gravesite is unknown. Equiano's death was recognized in Britain as well as by American newspapers.[8] Plaques commemorating his life have been placed at buildings where he lived in London. Since the late 20th century, when his autobiography was published in a new edition, he has been increasingly studied by a range of scholars, including many from Nigeria. Early life and enslavementEdit Show table IJzeren voetring voor gevangenen transparent background.png According to his own account, Olaudah Equiano was born in 1745 to the Igbo people in the region now known as Nigeria. His name, Olaudah, means one who has a loud voice and is well spoken, and signifies good fortune. He was the youngest son, with six brothers and sisters. His father was a man of dignity, given the title "Embrench" (modern Igbo: mgburichi), a man whom he remembers bearing scarifications on his forehead, which signified his father's status. Equiano expected to receive such scarification when he came of age among the males of his community. Equiano recollects his mother teaching him self-defence, and he witnessed her taking part in communal wars. His mother particularly impressed on him the religious rites of his community. She often carried him along to an ancestral shrine in the wild where his maternal grandmother was buried; she would give offerings to the shrine and weep by its side. Equiano said his early life was filled with what his people considered good omens or mysterious signs; for instance, he was on a path in his village when he accidentally stood on a large snake but was left unharmed. Equiano recounted an incident when an attempted kidnapping of children was thwarted by adults in his villages. When he was around the age of eleven, he and his sister were left alone to look after their family's compound, as was common when adults went out of the house for work. They were both kidnapped and taken far away from their hometown, separated, and sold to slave traders. After changing hands several times, Equiano met his sister again, but they were separated and he was taken over a large river to the coast, where he was held by European slave traders.[3][9] He was transported with 244 other enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to Barbados in the West Indies. He and a few other slaves were sent on to the British colony of Virginia. Literary scholar Vincent

The Analytic Method of Teaching Phonics

The Analytic Method of Teaching Phonics Are you looking for ideas for teaching phonics to your elementary students? The analytic method is a simple approach that has been around for nearly one hundred years. Here is a quick resource for you to learn about the method, and how to teach it. What Is Analytic Phonics? The Analytic Phonics method teaches children the phonic relationships among words. Children are taught to analyze letter-sound relationships and look to decode words based upon spelling and letter patterns and their sounds. For example, if the child knows bat, cat and hat, then the word mat will be easy to read. What Is the Appropriate Age Range? This method is appropriate for first and second graders and struggling readers. How to Teach It First, the students must know all the letters of the alphabet and their sounds. The child will need to be able to identify the sounds in the beginning, middle and end of a word. Once the students are able to do that, the teacher then selects a text that has a lot of letter sounds.Next, the teacher presents the words to the students (usually site words are selected to start). For example, the teacher places these words on the board: light, bright, night or green, grass, grow.The teacher then asks the students how these words are alike. The student would respond, They all have ight at the end of the word. or They all have gr at the beginning of the word.Next, the teacher focuses on the sound of the words make by saying, How does the ight sound in these words? or How does the gr sound in these words?The teacher picks a text for the students to read that has the sound they are focusing on. For example, choose a text that has the word family, ight (light, might, fight, right) or choose a text that has the word family, gr (green, grass, grow, gray, great, grape). Finally, the teacher reinforces to the students that they just used a decoding strategy to help them read and understand words based upon the relationships letters have with one another. Tips for Success Use books that have predictable, repetitive sentences.Encourage children to use picture clues for any unknown words.Teach students about word families. (now, how cow) (down, frown, brown)Encourage students to look for consonant clusters at the beginning and ends of words. ( bl,fr,st, nd)When teaching analytic phonics, make sure to emphasize  the importance of each sound.

Street Protests As The Aftermath Of 2009 Presidential Election And Essay

Street Protests As The Aftermath Of 2009 Presidential Election And Human Rights Violation - Essay Example Torture involved rape, mutilation, and stoning of the activists. Execution of political prisoners spread widely in the country, capital punishment, and oppression of juveniles was a usual act in the news (Brohmer 67). The government was accused of stopping the publication of opposition newspapers, books, and websites. In addition, there was extreme censorship, and rapid quelling of peaceful demonstrations. The Guardian council, which is composed of six Islamic judges came up to exercise significant power over Iranian politics, economic and social issues, the candidacy of aspiring politicians, and cultural life hindered legislation that endorsed human rights, and promoted leaders and policies that would strengthen the imbalanced power organized at the cost of the citizens of Iran. The street protests According to Leimbach, during the 2009 presidential elections, the comparatively reform-based Mir-Hussein Mousavi contested against the serving Ahmadinejad. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was declar ed the winner of the elections, though suspicions of fraud spread widely in the country. For instance, voter turnout in two provinces accounted for over 100% of the total ballots to be lawful. Simply, there were more casted votes than voters. Given the little local migration and lower historical turnout, it was highly improbable that the ballots were fairly cast. After citizens went to the streets to protest against the voter results, the Guardian Council arranged for a partial recount of the casted votes, but there was no difference in who emerged the winner. Following this, Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme leader announced that the reformist leaders were to be blamed for any aggression brought about by clashes in the government forces and the protesters (Leimbach 50). More than 100,000 Iranians took to the streets of Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Mashhad, Kermanshah, and Rasht cities to protest against the ruling government. The protest materialized from 14TH February, 2011. To curb the protests, forces were sent to raid homes at night in an effort to scare the citizens. The solidarity protests became nearly like an anti-regime demonstration where the police used paintballs and fired tear gas at the protesters. On the other hand, protesters set fire in garbage bins to protect themselves. Many famous human rights and democracy activists, lawyers, demonstrators, and opposition leaders were arrested and killed by the regime. Most protesters flew away, as the government threatened to kill them; they were not even allowed to contact lawyers or their families. According to the authorities in Iran, there were 20 causalities, more than 1000 detainees, and 500 injured individuals. However, this may not be the exact numbers, due to the suppression of data and internet blocking in the nation. Unofficial sources claim that the number of people who died from the street protests were approximately 300. As forces attacked protesters who had no arms, the ruling government was per ceived to go to extremes in dealing with the issue. Even those who did not take part in the protests were brutally killed so long as they appeared in the streets (Human Rights Watch 414). Iranian Students Association of America argues that Iran violates human rights, simply because some of the provisions are guaranteed in the Islamic law, and for the regime in power to continue enjoying the privileges of ruling. Some of the human rights violated by Iran include: Failure to adhere to the law processes of the country; use of torture and other hostile inhuman treatment and the use of false confessions. Executions performed both publicly and in secret

Model building Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Model building - Term Paper Example The purpose of this model is to assess the claim and handle the situation appropriately. It involves investigation procedures to unearth the truth so as to make decisive and conclusive actions. The media and citizens’ claims have to be investigated to assess where they registered complaint and whoever was responsible. This calls for an investigation team to assist in the process. The model tries to give answers why the complaints are not heard. The model Purpose The purpose of the model is to study why residents’ complaints have not been heard. In order to get proper answers independent investigation must be done. Complaint handling procedures are specific to organizations, and each organization policies are unique. Public policy for complaint launching and handling is always very clear. The study would put into account how these complaints were registered. As a line area manager, assessment to ensure that the staff gives appropriate concerns in helping complaint handling, investigates and resolves complaints. Constraints Investigation consumes time and it is often costly. On this basis, the model structure must mirror cost effective one and involve a proper time frame within which the purpose of the study is achieved. Policy is clear on how the complaints should be registered for accountability. This leads to assessment on how the complaint was registered (Adorno, 2000).... Independently, this team ensures to retrieve the logs of complaints for the particular period claim is made. This would involve accessing systems without the aid of responsible staff to handle complaints. This is to make sure the investigation is reliable and accurate. The investigation process is to be done within two weeks. The findings are to be evaluated and recommendation given to various departments to facilitate proper actions. Complaint material published by an organization should include a statement of guarantee that a plaintiff will not be victimized or suffer from negative handling because they have made a complaint. In a public sector, the community should not be isolated because of the complaints they raised due to poor service delivered by public sector. Policy The complaint policy approach has to be reassessed to ensure that proper accountability is in place. The time frame stipulated to handle compliant and priority appended to complaints in regards to sensitivity. Co mplaint value assessment is essential, and during the investigation it must be considered so as to verify if complaints are treated according to policy stipulation. It is essential to understand the existing policies so as to gauge the complaint problem. The resident may be claiming that the complaints are not being handled yet policy implementation is in progress. Integration of complaint handling must be properly instituted into policy document. This is a sure way of enhancing accountability within organizations (Reif, & International Ombudsman Institute, 2004). Commitment and responsibility The model helps in analyzing the commitment of staff to

What is the Purpose of Franchising?

What is the Purpose of Franchising? Franchising is a method of marketing goods. It is important that this basic fact is understood; franchising is not an industry indeed the use of franchising as a marketing method crosses industry borders. The application of franchising principles to each separate industry involves the blending of the ingredients to produce the right and product. Having grasped that basic fact, it should be appreciated that as franchising is a marketing method it should be approached in a flexible way. Franchising in its full sense the business format franchise may not be a suitable method for your business. However, you may well find that certain elements can have application and provide benefits. If that is so adopt them, even if the end result is that you have not adopted a franchise for your business. In the final analysis you have to make and live with your decisions if franchising is not right for you, or you are not right for franchising, do not embark on that course for it could well end in disaster. But, you should not lead franchisees into disaster for that they do not need a franchisor: many of them could manage quite well on their own. Other methods of marketing which are well known involve all levels from manufacture to retail sale. Some manufacturers or wholesalers appoint agents those who will act on their behalf with power to undertake binding commitments. Others appoint distributors with whom they have a buyer/seller relationship. The distributor is an independent operator who may sell many competing ranges. Some manufacturers enter into licence agreements with others who manufacture their products or who carry out processes resulting in the production of goods. These arrangements may also involve trade mark licences coupled with know-how agreements under which the licensee manufactures or completes the manufacture of goods for sale. None of these agreements is the sort of marketing method with which this manual is specifically concerned although, at times, business people refer to them as franchises. The expression franchise is also used to describe the right given for the operation of commercial TV and radio networks. The operation of a motor car manufacturers dealership is usually called a franchise and in many cases quite rightly so. The suggestion fell on open minds who really understood that it was possible to expand a network using the financial and manpower resources of others. However, the franchisor had to develop an infrastructure to enable it to cope. That infrastructure, the way in which it is put together and sustained, is what this manual is concerned to explain. FACTS TO SUPPORT ADVANTAGES For franchisors: Expansion Franchising is one of the only means available to access venture investment capital without the need to give up control of the operation of the chain in the process. After the brand is carefully designed and properly executed, franchisors are able to sell franchises and expand rapidly across countries using the resources of their franchisees, earn profits commensurate with their contribution to those societies while greatly minimixing the risk and expense that would be inherent in conventional chain operations. Legal considerations The franchisor is relieved to obtain the necessary licenses and permits to start a new outlets. In some jurisdictions, certain permits are more easily obtained by locally based, owner-operator type applicants while companies based outside the jurisdiction find it difficult if not impossible to get such licences issued to them directly. For this reason, hotel and restaurant chains that sell alcohol often have no viable option but to franchise if they wish to expand to another state. Additionally, the franchisor is relieved of the obligation to carry liability insurance on the independently owned franchise units that produce the gross sales of the franchised system since this is the obligation and responsibility of the franchisees under the franchise agreement. As long as the franchisors operational manuals is followed by the franchisees, the franchisors are generally always protected from any liability for any incident that occurs on the property of the franchisee. Franchisors can sel l franchises without making any representations. Operational considerations Franchisees are said to have a greater incentive than direct employees to operate their businesses because they have a direct stake in the start up of the branded business and the tangible assets that wear the brand name. The need of franchisors to closely scrutinize the day to day operations of franchisees is greatly decreased. Franchisors can increase their profits on the gross sales of the franchisees and avoid the operational expenses for the physical units that wear their brand names. Franchisors can decrease their risk and therefore increase their profits as their franchisees bear the expense of operating the units and the expense of being employers. For franchisees: Employment Opening a franchise is a way of personal business. Quick start As practiced in retailing, franchising offers franchisees the advantage of starting up a new business faster based on a proven trademark and formula of doing business, as opposed to having to build a new business and brand from scratch. A well run franchise would offer from site selection to lease negotiation, training and ongoing support and statutory requirements and troubleshooting. Training Franchisors usually offer franchisees significant training, which is not available for free to individuals starting their own business. Although training is not always free for franchisees, it is sometimes supported through the traditional franchise fee that the franchisor collects and tailored to the business that is being started. When training fees and travel expenses, etc.. are required beyond the initial franchise fee, these fees are deductible as part of the startup expenses of the business. FACTS TO OBJECT DISADVANTAGES For franchisors: Limited pool of viable franchisees In any city, there may be only a limited pool of prospects who have both the desire to purchase and start up a franchised business, as compared to the pool of individuals who can be hired and trained to competently manage directly-owned businesses, as paid employees. However, in periods of recession where traditional good jobs are in short supply, this disadvantage disappears because those who cant find good jobs are willing to invest money in a franchise as a means of self-employment. Control Successful franchising necessitates a much more careful vetting process when evaluating the limited number of potential franchisees than would be required in the hiring of direct employees who may have experience in the concept sector. An incompetent manager of a directly-owned outlet can easily be replaced, while, regardless of the local laws and agreements in place, removing an incompetent franchisee who owns the tangible assets of the business is much more difficult. For franchisees: No guarantee There is no guarantee of financial success for the franchisee made by the franchisor in the written disclosure circular and the actual franchise agreement. While the estimated startup costs of the franchise are an implied earnings claim some franchised outlets do fail. Unfortunately, the unit financial performance statistics are not required to be disclosed to new buyers of franchises and this omission makes it impossible for new buyers of franchises to assess the odds of success and failure of their investment in the franchise in terms of profitability and failure as experienced on a unit basis of the franchise system. Control For franchisees, the disadvantage of franchising is a loss of control. While they gain the use of a system, assistance, training, marketing, the franchisee is required to follow the system and get approval for changes from the franchisor. For these reasons, franchisees and entrepreneurs are very different. A franchisee is merely a temporary business investment where he may be one of several investors during the lifetime of the franchise. In other words, he is renting the opportunity, not buying a business for the purpose of true ownership. Additionally, A franchise purchase consists of both intrinsic value and time value. A franchise is a wasting asset due to the finite term: the franchisor is only obliged to renew the franchise if it chooses to contract for that obligation. Price Starting a franchise business carries expenses. In choosing to adopt the standards set by the franchisor, the franchisee often has no further choice as to signage, uniforms etc. The franchisee may not be allowed to source less expensive alternatives. Added to that is the franchise fee and ongoing royalties and advertising contributions. The contract may also bind the franchisee to such alterations as demanded by the franchisor from time to time. Conflicts The franchisor/franchisee relationship can easily cause conflict if either side is acting in bad faith. An incompetent franchisor can damage its franchisees by failing to promote the brand properly or by squeezing them too aggressively for profits. Franchise agreements is unilateral contracts wherein the contract terms generally are advantageous to the franchisor when there is conflict in the relationship. Summary: Yes, franchising is the best business plan. Why? Franchising your business can be a very successful way of expanding. Some of todays largest businesses have used franchising to finance and accelerate their growth into world brands McDonalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, Burger King, Body Glove and the Body Shop. However, franchising must be planned step by step: It must be pilot tested with company owned and operated outlets. Business must be successful, distinctive replicable. Take proper professional advice Solicitor, Banker, Accountant and possibly Franchise Consultant. Take time to write an operations manual. Choose franchisees very carefully and wisely. Avoid overselling and forecasts. Focus on franchisee satisfaction and profitability. Have first class training. Maintain good ongoing relationships. Keep developing the Franchises status and maintain standards. Ensure marketing, advertising and PR are first class. In commercial practice there are some elements which considers fundamental in full business format franchising. These are: The provision to the franchisee by the franchisor of initial training in the operations of the franchised business this is perhaps stating the obvious for the franchisee would not be able to carry on the franchised business without such training. The fact that a franchisee will own their business; the franchisee is the owner of the business although they are obliged to run it in accordance with the franchisors system and under the umbrella of the franchisors name. The franchisee will have to make a capital investment in their business. This is very important. The franchisee must have their own resources at risk. The investment they make must be sufficiently significant in relation to the franchisees total resources for the person to be worried that they might lose it. Conversely they will find motivation in their ability to increase the value of their investment in addition to producing a profit annually. A well-motivated franchisee with their own resources at stake will invariably conduct the business far better than any manager would, to the mutual advantage of themselves and the franchisor. The advantages of franchising for a franchisor may be summarised as: The growth of the network is achieved using the financial and manpower resources of the franchisee; The franchisor is not concerned with the day to day operation of each outlet; The franchisors organization is compact and can earn profits without involvement of high capital risk; The network has an ability to grow rapidly; The franchisor has less staff and its problems; The management of each outlet is the owner who will tend to be well motivated to be successful; It provides wider outlets for products and services; It enables the franchisor to service national customers using their network of outlets. Franchising is an exciting marketing method; when it is properly structured and well run it provides benefits and satisfaction for both parties. It is not an easy route to riches for franchisor or franchisee nor is it a panacea for the ills of a sick business. The establishment of a franchise has to be under-take with skill, patience and capital. The time scale for establishing a franchise system and preparing it for marketing can be as long as two years and it can take another three to six years before the franchisor begins to see net profits and cash flow. The capital requirements of the franchisor have to reflect these time spans. For an example of Franchise Opportunity: RIDPEST is a key player in the pest control industry in Malaysia and the first of its kind to embark on the franchise route. The driving force behind the growth and recognition of the RIDPEST brand is a strong set of corporate values that translates into continued growth for the future. Franchising is undoubtedly one of the fastest-growing sectors of the Malaysian economy. Smart new business owners prefer a franchise, because it helps lower the risks of starting out, and offers savings on things like marketing and purchasing product. Over the years RIDPEST had developed and refined its system to the point where we believe it gives its franchisees the very best chance to build a successful business. CONCLUSION: A proper business plan ensure the long run and success of a business whereas a business which lacks of proper plans and motivation cannot survive in the market and the tough competition the business world have to offer. There are many ways a business plan is introduce and implemented in a trade. However, to have a proper business plan it is necessary that the business plan is on proper format and is not made casually or hastil. ATTACHMENTS: Application forms Franchise loan List of franchisor Panel franchisor Perbadanan Nasional Berhad (PNS) application checklist Sample franchisor letter Graph or chart References of sources References of sources: The franchisors Manual Martin Mendelsohn Masters of Franchising Mark Henricks www.myfranchise.com.my Business For Sale Magazine www.mfa.gov.my Obesity: Causes, Effects and Treatments Obesity: Causes, Effects and Treatments Samantha Sensing Abstract Looking at the scope of obesity it is complex and often left with quick judgment. The purpose of this discussion is to look at the qualifications of obesity to be a listed as a disease; the impact of the disease (such as cost, statistics, etc.), the behavioral-cognitive aspect, and resolution to the disease. Findings were from journals or the Center for Disease Control. Prior to the research I viewed obesity as a voluntary disease that could be fixed with getting off the couch. During the research of many web-based articles, journals, videos, and statistics I am now on the other side of the fence. Those individuals with obesity are in this situation for a variety of reasons. It would be of more help to support them and raise awareness of the disease and how it is affected behaviorally, environmentally, and from a change in corporate standards. Introduction A growing epidemic in America and Western civilization is one that is self-inflected. Obesity is defined as having a BMI of 29.5 or higher. Based on your height and weight a BMI is often used to determine a person’s level of physical health. There has been a growing trend of those considered overweight (BMI 24.5-28.5) or obese in the United States. More recently there have been heavy debates over the classification of obesity being considered a disease. Disease can be defined as an illness that affects a person, animal, or plant: condition that prevents the body or mind from working (Webster). A research study as listed by the CDC states that as â€Å"weight increases to levels of overweight or obesity the risks of the following also increase: Coronary Heart Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Cancer, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, stroke, live and gallbladder disease, sleep apnea, and respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, and gynecological problems.† As we increase in weight we ten d to develop serious health problems. And by referring to the definition of disease we can see that disease can occur or correlate with obesity. Definition of Disease What exactly does the word disease mean? We hear the word frequently. And think in concrete terms of disease as a terrible shortcoming that grapples at the lives of so many undeserving or seemingly healthy individuals. Most people don’t look at a person with a disease in disgust. Or in angst, or shame them. Disease is defined by the Miriam-Webster dictionary as, â€Å"an illness that affects a person, animal, or plant: a condition that prevents the body or mind from working normally†. So by definition we can consider the controversial classification of obesity as a disease. The controversy surrounding classifying obesity as a disease rests on the thought that those who are obese can help themselves. Those obese individuals inflicted this upon themselves and so therefore the term disease doesn’t apply. However, comparing the term disease and looking at the qualifications of having a disease, obesity does apply. By having obesity you become at risk for a variety of other diseases or overall health problems. Pathological Impact Obesity rates among American’s and the western world have been rising with exponential growth. In the United States about one-third of U.S. adults (35.7%) are obese and about 12.5 million of children and adolescents are considered obese (CDC). There are many factors in these numbers. Some variables are but not limited to socio-economic status, racial differences, job or career, level of education, and location. Those with a low socio-economic status appear to have greater obesity rates. This is impacted by the affordability of fast-food that offers a meal for a couple of dollars. In comparison a healthy, more nutritious meal could cost an additional $5.00. Obesity related diseases can cause heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes, high blood pressure, etc. (CDC). Aging also impacts higher rates of obesity due to the hormonal and biological changes that take place over time. Mortality rates also seem to be higher for those who are obese and have obesity related diseases. Disabling Obesity An on-going debate in obesity is can these individuals be considered handicapped, and what does it mean to be handicapped. In a study, 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, obesity rates are 58% higher for than adults without disability. And obesity rates for children with disabilities are 38% higher than for children without disabilities. Annual health care costs of obesity that are related to disability are estimated at approximately $44 billion (CDC). By these numbers it is noticeable that there is a correlation between disability and obesity. The term disability can be described as, a physical or mental condition that limits a persons movements, senses, or activities (Merriam-Webster). By definition obese individuals would or could be considered disabled by their own inflictions. However, not all are eligible for the right to receive Social-Security Disability. Those with a BMI over 40 are considered morbidly obese. This category of people tends to have the biggest imp act on their organs and organ systems. Moreover, there seems to be more that meets the eye with obesity trends. While in most cases it is self-inflicted there are a number of people that have a genetic predisposition or thyroid problems. Or they are on medications for another disorder that impacted their weight gain. In the famous case of Cook v. Rhode Island, the courts ruled in favor of a 300lb female, Bonnie Cook, who took to the courts to protect her against discrimination of not being hired due to being obese. The court initially ruled in favor of her potential employer but the jury sided with Cook. So the state took the case to appeals court where they lost their battle protecting the possibility of discriminating against obese applicants. The court stated, â€Å"†¦ voluntariness is not a criterion for determining whether a person is disabled or perceived to be disabled.† (Cordes1994). New ground was broken by the proclamation of disability and obesity being joined together and protected together. The statements went further, â€Å"Voluntariness only comes into play if the condition can be easily controlled by the person†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cordes 1994). The impact of disease obesity can cause is not a light subject or to be sought as laziness through and through. There is good reas on for obese individuals to be given protection. Responsibility of Employers Another large debate in the issues and impacts of obesity is the responsibility of employer’s. Especially for those whose obesity comes from a sedentary lifestyle. Or perhaps need the preventative measures of keeping obesity at bay. A hot topic on the rise is whether or not employers should be mandated to give employees a work-out period in their schedule. The employers could offer employee’s incentives for utilizing resources (a company gym, discounted memberships, and dietician, walking a company track) and by using the resources keep costs low. Though initially it could be costly to take on the responsibility to offer extra incentives to employee’s it could offer long term potential savings. (Villareal, Apovian, Kushner, and Klein 2005) Those whose companies offer various programs and actively engage in them express more happiness, productivity, a greater quality of life, and overall better health. Better health allows for employee’s to serve their empl oyers better. They use less sick pay, keep insurance premiums low, and are more likely to be in tune with their daily job. So while the initial cost may be high, the long term financial gain of a happy, healthy, productive team is hard not to invest in! Responsibility of Citizens Those who are overweight and obese not only impact themselves but they also impact their peers and fellow citizens. The responsibility of American’s to help those who are suffering from obesity is absent. This is understandable, considering we are not responsible for the actions of others. However, change arrives when other’s no longer stand idly by watching suffering. Those who suffer from addictions or psychiatric abnormalities experience greater success in getting back on track when they have a support group. The more awareness that is raised on the disease of obesity the better society can understand it. Understanding can be in noting that obese individuals are not just self-indulgent lazy people. Most experience other health problems. For some this may include a behavioral or cognitive issue that led them to the weight gain. Or the obesity can be from side effects of medication. (Latzer, Y., Stein, D. 2013) The better we educate ourselves and others on the obesity epidemic the faster we can assist them to a healthier lifestyle. Cost of Obesity The less healthy American’s are, we all pay the price. According to a study in 2008 the annual medical cost of obesity was $147 billion dollars (CDC). This amount spent on health care costs of a disease is breath-taking. And this is just in health care costs. The $147 billion spent annually related to medical costs of obesity does not include time spent out of work, time spent going to the appointments, the extra costs to the families affected by obesity, or worse it doesn’t include the mental cost. Adolescents who are obese experience a greater amount of psychological and social problems. Often (obesity) is linked to the numerous absences from school and is thought to be one of the main reasons for poor performance (Latzer, Y., Stein, D. (2013)). It is also reported that lower IQ scores from children translate into obesity in adulthood (Latzer, Y., Stein, D. (2013)). The data proves that the cost of obesity is not merely short-term. But the disease continues to impac t those afflicted during obesity and post obesity. Behavioral-Cognitive Aspect The reasons for procuring obesity or an unhealthy lifestyle is often looked at through the behavioral-cognitive perspectives. Behaviorists feel that the bad habits of obese individuals can be unlearned with the right treatment. On the basis that (increased engagement in sedentary activities and overeating) are learned (A.Tamlyn Shields 2009). Moreover they intend for alternate behaviors and encourage a healthier lifestyle (A.Tamlyn Shields 2009). Increasingly, adults and children are more tuned into technology and less in tuned with the outside world. The undying interest in technology leads to a more sedentary lifestyle coupled with high caloric foods. Where individuals should compensate for their inactivity by decreasing their caloric intake, quite the opposite seems to occur. Fattier foods that can be purchased on the go or take little effort to make are easier to consume. In addition to the fact that these foods are overloaded with sugar that act on our brains like a drug. Sugary foods activate the reward system in our brain allowing for a small flood of dopamine to be released. This in turn excites our body and we are left wanting more of the euphoria these foods bring (N.Volkow R.Wise, 2005). Resolving the Problem Trying to undo what has been done to so many American’s by the way of obesity is not an easy task. It at least will require self-determination. While determination of those afflicted may sound easy, it certainly is not. Some ways we can assist are through offering consistent support and intervention for them to seek a combination of behavioral, medical, and physical assistance. With the three, obesity can be reduced by pinpointing the origin of weight gain (medication, health problems, depression, anxiety, and addiction). In addition to mediating with a behaviorist, and ending by increasing physical activity. However, it would be of great assistance to hold businesses more accountable for what they put in the foods they produce. To offer consumers a better, wholesome product would increase profits and company morale. For example the average soda contains about ten of sugar. The American Heart Association states that men should allow up to nine teaspoons of sugar and woman shou ld allow for six teaspoons of sugar a day. Considering the breakfast cereal Honey-Nut Cheerio’s contains about 8.25 teaspoons of sugar before adding the milk. Our daily limit is almost reached before we finish eating breakfast. While sugar is not the only culprit to substantial weight gain it does inspire other health problems. Though it is the consumer’s responsibility to monitor what they put in their own body, it would be of great assistance to hold companies accountable for better products. For many families grabbing a $5.00 hot-n-ready large pizza in less than ten minutes beats spending $20.00 in groceries and forty-five minutes in cooking time. The fast-food industry spent in 2012 $4.6 billion dollars in advertising (Yale News). If companies spent the same amount on promoting healthier options and producing healthier products it would make a large impact on obesity in the U.S. The initial cost may be higher but perhaps we can apply the behavioral perspective and ‘unlearn’ these business practices. Eventually supply and demand would bring the healthier options to a lower cost to produce and consume. While saving many lives and reenergizing American enterprise and American citizens. Conclusion Obesity rates have sky-rocketed in the past twenty years in the United States. Approximately 34.9% of all adults and about 12.5 million children and adolescents are afflicted by obesity (CDC). The prevalence of obesity related disabilities cost the health care system approximately $44 billion dollars annually (CDC). Obesity is defined as having a BMI of 29.5 or higher and is associated with inducing secondary diseases and illnesses that are not always irreversible. The impacts of the disease (or diseases) can afflict suffers with mental illnesses (anxiety, low confidence, depression,) or poorer IQ as children. Combining these together can produce a lower socio-economic status and inspire other problems related to that. Such as housing, careers, quality of life, financial troubles, that is hard to bring oneself out of alone. By offering support or putting together organizations coupled with self-determination we can assist those with obesity. Combined with employer incentives, mediati on, and increased physical activity along with reduction in high caloric foods the rates of obesity and obesity related illnesses could drop. References Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014) â€Å"Adult Obesity Facts†. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012) â€Å"Causes and Consequences. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes/index.html Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014) â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014) â€Å"Disability and Obesity†. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/obesity.html Cordes, R. (1994, January). Obese gain protection under disabilities law. Trial, 30(1), 85. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.stacks.tridenttech.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A14790304v=2.1u=trident_ttcit=rp=AONEsw=wdigest=a511d0c25452f5c5befcf70bb01be8e0asid=e0ef951c3bba192b24df7ad82e0b9d06 Shields, A. T. (2009). Examination of the obesity epidemic from a behavioral perspective. The International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 5(1), 142+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.stacks.tridenttech.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A214102591v=2.1u=trident_ttcit=rp=AONEsw=wdigest=a511d0c25452f5c5befcf70bb01be8e0asid=5afeed98da8853ac80c820c028538061 Orciari, Megan. (2013). Fast food companies still target kids with marketing for unhealthy products. Yale News. Retrieved from: http://news.yale.edu/2013/11/04/fast-food-companies-still-target-kids-marketing-unhealthy-products Latzer, Y., Stein, D. (2013). A review of the psychological and familial perspectives of childhood obesity. Journal of Eating Disorders, 1, 7. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.stacks.tridenttech.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A323050895v=2.1u=trident_ttcit=rp=AONEsw=wdigest=a511d0c25452f5c5befcf70bb01be8e0asid=7dbe38997361b44ce7cd1a98ad17bfd1 Villareal, Dennis T, Caroline M Apovian, Robert F Kushner, and Samuel Klein. (2005). Obesity in older adults: technical review and position statement of the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, The Obesity Society. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82(5), 923-934. Retrieved from: http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/82/5/923.full Nescafe Brand: An Analysis Nescafe Brand: An Analysis Nestle promise we commit to everyday, everywhere- to enhance lives, throughout life, with good food and beverages. Nestle was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestle and is worlds leading confectionary, nutrition and food company today. This company is based on Vevey, Switzerland and employing around 280000 people in over 150 countries and running 461 factories or operation in 83 countries. The strategy of the Nestle is guided by several fundamental principles: Innovation and renovation are the basis for the growth of the product balancing the geographic activities and product lines Never sacrificed long term potential, for the short term performance Regardless of the geographical barriers, Nestlà ©s priority is to bring the best and most relevant products to people Nescafe UK Nescafe is one of the renowned brands among various brand produced by the Nestle. The rich taste of your favourite coffee is reflected in its rich history. Generally, coffee is a beverage that has some properties which can energize and revitalized the consumers. In the UK, Nescafà © is targeting basically young adult customers range between 20-35, middle and high class people and also the professional or working executive (who are working very hard). In present context, the biggest challenge for every company is to recover and to survive in the recession, and, Nescafà © is not apart from the current situation. Even though it is still in the profit, companies profit is getting lower due to downfall on the sales the volume of goods sold rose 2.8% in 2008, but down from 4.4% in 2007. Figure 1: Sales trend of Nescafà © The bar chart above shows the continued growth of the sales of the Nescafà © till the second half of the year 2008; but, the profit of the company is gradually decreasing as the sales started to fall by the first half of the year 2009. The main reason behind this problem is the macroeconomic factors like the global recession thats leads to the increase in the inflation rate in UK by 3%-5% (generally, 2-3% of the inflation is acceptable). However, to revive from the current situation, Nescafe has applied various innovative and renovate ideas. Nescafà © even have various brand within the coffee, for example Nescafà © gold, premium, decaff etc. targeting the various range of the customer according to the taste and the preferences. Besides coffee, the company has launched other product such as coffee maker machine, and also following sustainability strategy, refill pack, etc. under Nescafe plan for profit maximization. It is also merging with various other companies like burger king or other businesses using their Nescafe Milano Plan. Following these alternative, Nescafà © is expecting to increase its sales in the second half of the year 2011 by reducing the cost of production, improving the market and price strategy to capture the target markets. A. Alternative Scenarios with regards to the cost of production: The company is having down fall in the sales as the variable cost associated with the cost of production increases due to economic factors like increase in labour cost, raw material, energy bills, cost of packaging, transportation and various other factors. The following table shows the variable cost, represents the minimum cost required to produce 3000 quantity of Nescafà © for the first half of the 2011, which is in increasing order as the quantity produced increases. Material for Production Cost associated 000 Total Cost Variable cost: Raw material (coffee, glass jar, packing paper) Transportation Part time worker Energy Marketing 300 100 50 175 125 750 Fixed Cost Plant and Machinery Building and Renting Full time worker Others 200 100 150 50 500 Total 1250 Figure 2: variable cost associated with production for the 1st half of 2011 Figure 3: Various cost and output (000) As the quantity produced by the Nescafe increases, the cost associated with the variable cost increases, however, the fixed cost remaining the same, results in the reduction of the revenue so it has to either increase the price of the product which leads to decrease in the demand, due to high inflation, the customers has less purchasing power (even though the income has increases, the proportion of the increase in income and inflation is equal) or Nescafe should try to reduce the variable cost associated with the production. Figure 4: Trend of total fixed cost and total variable cost The main challenge of the Nescafà © is to sustain in the competitive market and redeem the profit. The Nescafe plans are followed in order to reduce the variable cost within the micro level: Transportation cost: The global initiatives plan which support the commitment of the Nestle responsible farming, production and consumption. Under this commitment, responsible production is the most foremost steps related to sustainability with environment by producing the refill pack for the various coffee including 150g Nescafà © gold blend and decaff and original which also lures to the reduction in road journey and transportation cost by 50% for the same amount of coffee as one can fit twice refill pack in one pallet. Energy Consumption: Another alternative is to reduce the consumption of the energy using energy saving measure. In this method use the coffee ground as a fuel which supply 20% of the energy. While other method is the use of new innovative technology new refrigeration plant to reduce and improve the processes. Packaging cost: Nescafe is cutting cost of the production by reducing the weight of the glass jar used for the coffee. The approach is use of refill pack made of paper which is cheaper than the glass jar. Thus, by following the above approach the new variable cost associated with the production for the second half of 2011 is shown below: Variable cost Cost Raw material Transportation Energy Part time worker Marketing 241 50 140 50 125 Total 606 Figure 5: New variable cost Figure 6: New cost and output (000) Figure 7: Revised trend of fixed cost and variable cost for 2nd half As comparing the two charts, we can conclude that the Nescafà © is able to reduce the variable cost by applying the various alternatives. At the same level of output e.g. 3000, the variable cost was 750,000 before (fig 4) whereas reduced to 606000 for the second half of the 2011 (fig7). The other various alternatives available for the Nescafe, in macroeconomic concept, can be as follows in terms of: Recession, shift to a plant to the emerging country or the country with the minimal effect of recession such as china or India i.e. slowdown-hit. The company can shift the plant to these country as raw material i.e. coffee can be produced here as well. Employment, in India, the unemployment rates are higher, whereas, china is providing the cheap labour to attract the new investors so the company can really be benefited from the low labour cost.. Political stability: Both of these countries are politically stable. Nescafe cant shift plant to the insecure country as there will always risk of the close down due to civil wars. B. Elasticity of a Nescafe Price Elasticity of supply (PES): is calculated as: PES: % change in quantity supplied % change in price According to table below, the supply elasticity of Nescafà © is less than one which imply that the supply is not responsive towards the price change so its supply inelastic. The change in the quantity demanded is 0.5%, less than the change in price, 0.9%. The Nescafe cannot have extra supplies of the raw material i.e. coffee due to limited suppliers and also depend on the climatic condition, the decision made before about the plantation of coffee that affects the production yield. As the coffee is main ingredient, it cannot switch to other raw material and in other hand; it cannot hold the product for a really long time as product is a consumable and not a lifelong. It can still produce more goods for the same quantity with same cost of production but will be less than as of the supply elastic due to some constraints. Fig 8: Price elasticity of supply Income elasticity of Demand (IED): is calculated as: IED= % change in Quantity demanded % change in Income As per the following table, the income elasticity is between 0 and one which shows that Nescafà © is the normal good and less income inelastic. As the income of the consumer increases, other things remaining constant, the demand of the Nescafà © increases. For instance, the income elasticity of Nescafe is 0.1 as income rises to 10500 from 10000, which implies demand is not very sensitive towards changes in incomes which is the nature of the normal goods. Figure 9: income elasticity Cross elasticity of demand (CED): represent the responsiveness of the demand of the Nescafà © to the change in the price of either complimentary goods e.g. sugar or substitute product e.g. Kenco and calculated as: CED= %change in demand for Nescafà © %change in price of Kenco When the price of the sugar increases, demand of the Nescafà © decreases and vice versa and cross elasticity of demand will be negative, whereas, if the price of the substitute product decreases, the demand for the Nescafà © will increases, and vice-versa, and is positive as shown in table below. Figure 10: cross price elasticity C. Market structure and Strategies: Nescafe shares the attributes of the perfect market structure as it is inelastic to the supply and income of customers with horizontal integration product. The assumptions are: Existence of many firms e.g. Nescafà ©, Kenco, bru, percol, carte noire, super market brand, etc. perfect knowledge about the market and target customers homogenous product but customers distinguish the product with brand name and taste preferences Free entry and exit Nescafà ©s strategy based on the think globally, act locally. According to Keegan and Green Nescafe coffee is marketed as a global brand even though advertisement message and product formulation vary to suit cultural difference. Considering the rival company, Kenco is biggest competitor of the Nescafà ©. The strategy of the Kenco is to produce sustainability product and refill pack instead of coffee jar. Nowadays, customers are more concern about the ethical business and the environment friendly product, so to maintain the current market shares; it has to follow the concept of refill pack and the environment sustainability. Besides these, following are the possible alternatives: Introduced the new product lines and product differentiation. Recently, Nescafe has launched 3 in 1 pack which can be followed with 2 in 1 product. Fair Trade Nescafe can vertically merge with the different company offering different but co-related product. For example, Nescafà © has merged with Burger king, a food chain company that offer Nescafà © coffee to its customers with its food. The other strategy, Nescafe can merge with supermarkets and offer free samples to the customer as a complimentary product and with other businesses using its Nescafe Milano Professionals plan. Provide the customers a taste of coffee at a busy street as a reminder strategy and distribute the free samples. On the other hand, Nescafà © should enhance the vending machine network and should set up in train station, airport and on busy places. Advertisement includes sales promotion, publicity which attracts different target customers. The different advertising is strategies applied according to customers and countries values and beliefs but with same logo and red mug cups. Research and development Enter into emerging market D. Market Segment and price strategy: Nescafe is the UKs prominent coffee brand followed by the other various substitute products like Kenco, percol, super market brand etc. Now, the main customers of coffee are university student, working people or professional but should also try to attract should target people of above the age of the 35 and teenagers to maintain its market share. Figure 11:  ©Ã‚  1995: the new internationalist The possible pricing strategies for the Nescafe are: Competitors and market oriented price: Nescafe should be able to maintain or reduce the price according to the market or competitors. If its price is higher than the competitors, it will affect the demand and profit as well so it should be competitive price. Promotional allowances like offering during the occasions like buy one get one free offers in the super market, offer Nescafà © red mug with 400g of pack, discounts on second purchase. Quality assurance with reasonable price E. Development of Global and Local Market: Nescafà © objectives should be entering in new emerging market as the demand will be high in such country which results in the growth of business. So, the main idea is to expand the business not only locally but globally as well and be the first one to reach new market. Nescafe can take advantage of its product differentiation and brand name, so it can be the leading coffee in few years as availability only of few local competitors. Nescafe is opening its new plant in U.K creating new jobs. While in other hands, Nescafe is opening plant in countries like china, India and Vietnam to strengthen its global plan as these countries have potential to produce raw material, coffee and the really cheap labour cost which results in the low cost of production and high revenue. The taxation rate and government policies should be considered before entering new market, even though china is closed economy, China is flexible towards the taxation policy for the new investors and reduced the tax to 15% for the first three year. However, in context of India, government policies are quite flexible towards the foreign investors. Vietnam is emerging country, its open toward the investors. F. Scenario of Currency Market: During first half of the year 2011, due to soaring in the Swiss franc and down fall in the American dollar, the Nescafes sales pushed first half sales down, As the Nescafe is Swiss company, final transaction is converted to Swiss franc. Even though the U.K has strongest value in the market, the cost associated with the production is also high. Nescafe has to spend more money for the same amount of raw material and operation plant in Britain and relatively less in in India, china or Vietnam. According to exchange rate 1.497 Swiss franc = 1 British pound whereas 1 Swiss franc =58.3121 Indian rupee. So it will cheaper to operate the business in the country with less inflation, where the consumption power will be higher. Thus, Nescafà © should produce the product at the country with low currency value and import it to other countries and the exchange rate difference will raise the profit of the company, Thus shift of the company to India, China or Vietnam will be beneficial for the company.